The short version
To contest a Shopify Payments chargeback, add your evidence from the chargeback banner in your admin before the due date, typically 7 to 21 days after the chargeback is filed; if you add nothing, Shopify still submits the order details on that date. The disputed amount and a chargeback fee ($15 USD in the United States) leave your next payout at once; a win returns the disputed amount in your next payout after the decision, and Shopify's resolution page says the fee comes back with it. If the customer is right, accept instead: the amount goes back to them and the fee is not refunded.
Shopify Protect reimburses fraudulent and unrecognized chargebacks automatically, but only on eligible Shop Pay orders of US stores; won or lost, every dispute counts toward your chargeback rate, and an NDRP-inclusive rate of 1.5% or higher over 90 days can enroll your store in a network dispute resolution program.
What to Do With This Chargeback
Read the rows from the top: the first one that matches your order is your move. If the due date has already passed, nothing more can be added to the response.
| Your situation | Pick | Why |
|---|---|---|
| The disputed order was paid with PayPal Express Checkout | Answer it in PayPal, not in Shopify (Shopify's US PayPal Wallet page names the PayPal Business Center) | Express Checkout disputes might follow different processes and timelines, and PayPal Seller Protection isn't managed by Shopify; PayPal Wallet disputes in the US and France are managed in your Shopify admin, although a claim the customer escalates is resolved by PayPal |
| It was paid through another third-party payment provider | Ask that provider how to send evidence | The Shopify admin manages chargebacks only for Shopify Payments |
| The order shows Protected by Shopify Protect, and the reason is Fraudulent or Unrecognized | Do nothing | The disputed amount and the chargeback fee are credited back to you immediately |
| The customer is right: you never shipped, charged twice or skipped a refund you promised | Accept the chargeback | You can accept without evidence; the amount goes back to the customer and the fee is not refunded |
| Anything else, with the due date still ahead | Contest it with evidence | A win returns the disputed amount in your next payout, and Shopify's resolution page says the fee too |
The email went to your store contact address, the disputed amount and a fee are already gone from your next payout, and the chargeback banner on the order shows a due date. With a chargeback open now, check how long you have, find the evidence that answers your reason, then work through the response checklist. After that come the two things that decide how often it happens again: Shopify Protect and your chargeback rate.
What Is a Shopify Chargeback, and Who Decides It?
Key takeaway
Shopify isn't involved in the decision. The customer's bank and credit card company rule on the evidence you submit, and Shopify submits your response to them. A dispute arrives in one of two forms, and they cost very different things.
Chargeback vs inquiry on Shopify Payments
| Chargeback | Inquiry | |
|---|---|---|
| Money taken when it opens | The disputed amount and the chargeback fee, immediately | Nothing while the bank investigates |
| Can a refund end it? | No: Shopify's resolution, admin and reasons pages say you can't issue a refund after a chargeback starts; its responding guide says you can but might still lose | A full refund means the cardholder can't start a chargeback; a partial refund doesn't |
| Time to a decision | Up to 75 days after you submit | Usually 65–75 days, but it might take longer |
| Who decides | The cardholder's bank and card company | The cardholder's bank and card company |
Shopify Help Center (Responding to chargebacks and inquiries; Resolving a chargeback or inquiry), read October 8, 2026.
You can manage chargebacks and inquiries in the Shopify admin only if you use Shopify Payments.
In the admin each dispute carries one of five statuses: open (you can still add evidence), submitted, won, lost and resolved, which means a network dispute resolution program settled it automatically. Staff with the Disputes > Manage permission can receive the Order dispute updates notification, sent when a dispute is opened, escalated, reopened, won, lost or prevented, and when evidence is submitted. On stores that existed before that notification, only the owner gets it until you add recipients.
What a Chargeback Costs and How Long You Have
Key takeaway
Not every dispute has a response option, but a Shopify Payments chargeback you can respond to moves through these five stages, whatever its reason:
How much does a Shopify chargeback cost?
Key takeaway
A chargeback costs you two things at once: the disputed amount and a fee. In the United States the fee is $15 USD per chargeback, and both leave your next available payout as soon as the chargeback is filed. The fee depends on where your Shopify Payments account is: Shopify's fee table lists 39 countries and regions, so look up your own row there rather than assuming the US figure.
When your balance can't cover the debit, Shopify debits your bank account in 17 countries, including the United States, and if that first attempt fails, a second attempt follows after 3 business days; in all other countries the amount comes out of future payouts until it is covered. That is how a single chargeback can push a payout below zero. If the customer's card is from another country than your store, the disputed amount is also subject to exchange rates.
On a thin margin the fee is the smaller part of the loss: the product, the shipping and the disputed amount can all be gone. How that plays out across an order's profit is worked through in the dispute line of a dropshipping P&L.
Do you get the chargeback fee back if you win?
Key takeaway
Shopify's own pages disagree here. The process, admin and resolution pages, read on October 8, 2026, all say a win returns the fee: the resolution page puts it as the full chargeback amount plus the chargeback fee coming back in your next payout after the decision. The chargebacks overview, read the same day, is softer: you get the disputed amount back, and Shopify might refund the fee depending on your country or region.
The disagreement doesn't change the decision to contest. The resolution page says that when you accept a chargeback you aren't refunded for the fee, so outside Shopify Protect, winning the dispute is the route by which the fee can come back. After a won decision, read the next payout — the resolution page says that is where the amount and the fee arrive, and how Shopify pays you covers when payouts land and what gets deducted.
How long do you have to respond to a chargeback?
Key takeaway
Shopify gives the window as typically 7 to 21 days after the chargeback is filed, and the exact date for your dispute is the one in the banner. Four rules govern that clock:
- The date is in your store's timezone, and when no time is displayed the deadline is 11:59 PM on that date.
- Shopify submits on the due date regardless. Order information from your admin goes to the card company even if you add no evidence yourself.
- Submitting early locks the response. After Submit now, you can't edit your evidence.
- The deadline is hard. Once it passes, you can't submit any further evidence.
After you submit, the bank can take up to 75 days to rule, and its ruling is final: there is no appeal process. A win is not always the end, because the customer's bank can dispute the same transaction again. Shopify can't request early resolution for American Express disputes or for Visa disputes with a Fraudulent reason code; in these cases, gathering a withdrawal letter from the customer's bank won't expedite the process, and the chargeback status updates on its own through the standard banking timeline.
Closing the store doesn't stop the clock. A closed or paused store still receives chargeback emails, and chargebacks can still be filed against earlier transactions after deactivation, but you have to reactivate the store to contest them — the conditions are in whether a deactivated store can still submit evidence.
What Evidence Answers Each Chargeback Reason
Key takeaway
Find the reason your banner shows, then lead with the evidence in the third column.
Chargeback reasons and the evidence to put first
| Reason in the banner | What the customer claims | Evidence to put first |
|---|---|---|
| Fraudulent | They didn't authorize the charge, which can happen if the card was stolen. Shopify calls it the most common reason. | AVS and CVV results that match the card, device and IP data consistent with earlier orders, delivery confirmation to the billing address |
| Unrecognized | They don't recognize your merchant name or location on their statement | Contact them first; if they agree to drop it, still submit evidence with their statement, plus the fulfillment date, billing information, IP address and tracking |
| Duplicate | They were charged twice, or paid another way as well | Transaction logs showing one charge, or separate orders; if one charge was an authorization hold, explain that it was temporary |
| Subscription canceled | They were charged after canceling | The subscription agreement they accepted, your cancelation policy, and evidence that no cancelation request exists |
| Product not received | They never got what they paid for | Physical goods: carrier, tracking number and delivery status. Digital products: access logs. Services: booking and completion records |
| Product unacceptable | It was defective, damaged or significantly different from your store's description | Your listing as it looked at purchase, pre-shipment photos, and — if they went straight to the bank — evidence that they never contacted you |
| Credit not processed | A refund or credit they expected never arrived | The refund transaction record (timestamps, amount, confirmation number) and the refund policy they agreed to at checkout |
| General | The amount was wrong, there was a processing error, or another issue | An itemized receipt and a record of the final amount shown at checkout |
Shopify Help Center: Responding by dispute type and Reasons for a chargeback or inquiry, read October 8, 2026.
Shopify counts these categories differently on two pages. Its chargeback reasons page lists eight, including Unrecognized, while its guide to responding by dispute type says chargebacks fall into one of seven categories and has no separate Unrecognized entry. Answer the reason your banner actually shows: in the order's chargeback details, clicking the reason code opens Sidekick's guidance for that dispute.
How to Respond to a Chargeback in Shopify
Key takeaway
A response is three decisions in a row: whether to contest at all, which files to send, and when to submit. The checklist at the end of this section puts them in order.
Should you contest or accept a chargeback?
Key takeaway
Accept when the claim is valid. If you agree the customer is right — the order never shipped, a duplicate charge was real, a refund you promised never went out — click Accept chargeback in the banner. The disputed amount returns to the customer and you aren't refunded for the fee.
Accepted by mistake? If the deadline hasn't passed, contact Shopify Support immediately and ask for the chargeback to be un-accepted.
Refunding is not a third way out, and Shopify's pages differ on it. The resolution page, the admin page and the reasons page say you can't issue a refund after a chargeback starts; the credit-not-processed section of the responding guide says that if you owe the customer a refund, you can still issue one from the admin and might lose the chargeback anyway. The resolution page offers accepting the chargeback, which returns the disputed amount to the customer, or having the cardholder drop the chargeback first and then refunding.
Contest everything else, and submit even if the customer says it's over. Shopify asks you to send evidence in every case, including when the customer says they have canceled the chargeback. Evidence raises your odds; it does not decide the case:
Banks have the discretion to rule in the customer's favor, even when you provide delivery confirmation or other compelling proof.
Nor is there an official figure for your odds. No Shopify page we have found publishes the share of chargebacks merchants win — as of October 8, 2026 we read the chargeback and Shopify Protect sections of the Help Center, its fraud-prevention pages and the Shopify Payments product page — so this guide gives no win rate.
What files does Shopify accept as evidence?
Key takeaway
Shopify's guidelines for evidence files:
- Formats: PDF, JPEG or PNG only; every PDF has fewer than 50 pages.
- Size: each file no larger than 2 MB, all files together no larger than 4 MB.
- One file per type of evidence — combine several screenshots of one kind into a single image or PDF.
- Don't include audio, video or external links, or requests to call or email you. Screenshot tracking pages and customer messages instead.
Order the response so the strongest proof is seen first. Shopify's recommended sequence has four blocks: direct proof (delivery confirmation, tracking screenshots, a refund record, usage logs), customer acknowledgment, policy documentation the customer agreed to, and supporting context. Label every piece clearly instead of leaving it as an unnamed attachment.
Shopify fills in what your admin knows — products, customer details, addresses, IP address, fulfillment details, a shipping tracking PDF for orders with a tracking number, refunds, the customer's order history — but that evidence comes only from your admin. Messages with the customer, where the customer agreed to your policies, a carrier delivery photo or signature that isn't already in the shipping tracking PDF, access logs and your listing at the time of purchase have to come from you.
Chargeback response checklist
Key takeaway
Steps one to three can end the job early — a PayPal Express Checkout order or a protected fraud chargeback stops at step two. Steps five to seven are where the time goes, so start them as soon as the due date is on paper.
Shopify chargeback response checklistTick each step off as you work through one dispute; your progress is saved in this browser.
Shopify chargeback response checklist
Tick each step off as you work through one dispute; your progress is saved in this browser.
In Orders, filter by Chargeback and inquiry status set to Open to list the disputes Shopify hasn't sent to the card company yet.
Before you tick this off
- Opened Orders, then Search and filter, Add filter, Chargeback and inquiry status, Open
- Noted every order on the list
- Checked that the staff who handle disputes receive the Order dispute updates notification
Confirm the order was paid through Shopify Payments and read its Shopify Protect status before you spend time on evidence.
Before you tick this off
- The order was paid through Shopify Payments (PayPal Wallet in the US and France included), not PayPal Express Checkout or another provider
- Read the Shopify Protect status on the order page; an ineligible order's page shows risk analysis instead
- If it is protected and the reason is Fraudulent or Unrecognized, stopped here: no action is needed
The due date in the chargeback banner is in your store's timezone and ends at 11:59 PM when no time is shown.
Before you tick this off
- Due date recorded with the store's timezone
- Evidence planned to be ready well before the deadline
- Remembered that nothing can be added after the deadline
Click the reason code for Sidekick's guidance, then decide whether the customer's claim is valid.
Before you tick this off
- Clicked the chargeback reason code in the chargeback details section
- Matched the reason to its row in the evidence table
- If the customer is right, clicked Accept chargeback instead of building a response
Add what the automatic response lacks: customer messages, where the customer agreed to your policies, a carrier delivery photo or signature that isn't already in Shopify's shipping tracking PDF, access logs or your listing at the time of purchase.
Before you tick this off
- Collected emails or chats with the customer about this order
- Captured the relevant policy and where the customer agreed to it
- Took screenshots of tracking pages instead of copying links
Prepare PDF, JPEG or PNG files of no more than 2 MB each and 4 MB combined, one file for each type of evidence.
Before you tick this off
- Every PDF has fewer than 50 pages
- No audio, video or links to external pages
- Each file is labelled with what it proves
Click Add evidence in the chargeback banner, put the strongest proof first, then submit now or let Shopify submit on the due date.
Before you tick this off
- Direct proof first, then customer acknowledgment, policy documentation and supporting context
- Used Submit now only once nothing else is coming, because an early submission can't be edited
- Saw the status change from open to submitted
Does Shopify Have Chargeback Protection?
Key takeaway
Shopify's chargeback protection is Shopify Protect for Shop Pay, usually shortened to Shopify Protect. Whether a given order is covered depends on two separate gates — your store, then the order itself.
Which stores can use Shopify Protect?
Key takeaway
Condition: you are located in the United States and have a United States Shopify Payments account. Where to check: the Orders list filters by protection status — Protection active, Protected, Not protected — and an eligible order's page shows its Shopify Protect status, while an ineligible order's page shows risk analysis instead. If you qualify, a fraudulent or unrecognized chargeback on a protected order needs nothing from you:
The disputed amount and the chargeback fee are immediately reimbursed to you as a credit.
If you don't qualify, every chargeback follows the normal process above. For stores in the EEA and the UK the nearest documented lever is 3D Secure authentication: when a payment is authenticated with it, liability for fraudulent chargebacks shifts from you to the card issuer, though under Visa's policy, merchants with more than $7,500 USD in fraudulent chargebacks in one month can no longer shift liability.
Which orders does Shopify Protect cover?
Key takeaway
A qualifying store still has to meet the order rules on every order. The tightest one is speed: valid tracking within 7 days of the order and in transit within 10 days. Miss any rule below and the order is handled like any unprotected one.
Shopify Protect order rules
| Rule | What breaks coverage |
|---|---|
| Paid with Shop Pay | Any other payment method; Shop Pay Installments orders are excluded |
| Only physical items that ship | Any digital product, or any item bought online for in-store pickup, even next to shipped items |
| Subscriptions | Only the initial order is analyzed; later recurring orders get no coverage |
| Fulfilled | Every non-refunded line item must be in Fulfilled status |
| Tracked and moving | Valid tracking within 7 days of the order, in transit within 10 days |
| A supported carrier | Shopify lists 13, including USPS, UPS, FedEx, DHL Express, Canada Post and Shopify Fulfillment Network |
| Shipping address | Changing it after checkout voids coverage for that order |
Shopify Help Center, Protecting orders with Shopify Protect, read October 8, 2026.
Selling cross-border through Managed Markets changes the route but not the principle: Managed Markets orders processed with Shopify Payments are protected automatically. Which of those orders actually qualify is answered in whether Shopify Protect covers Managed Markets orders.
What Shopify Protect does not cover
Key takeaway
Every reason except fraudulent and unrecognized stays yours. A product-not-received or product-unacceptable chargeback on a protected order goes through the normal response, and so does a fraudulent chargeback on an order that isn't protected. Outside Shopify Protect, Shopify doesn't cover charge reversals from banks.
Orders paid any way other than Shop Pay sit outside it too, which is why a PayPal order never gets Shopify Protect. Third-party apps that sell their own chargeback guarantees exist in the Shopify App Store; their terms are the vendor's, not Shopify's, so read them as you would any contract.
Don't confuse Protect with Shopify's Fraud Control app, which helps you review risk but, in Shopify's words, doesn't guarantee coverage against chargebacks. Stores that still run the older Fraud Protect should know it can't be reactivated once deactivated.
What Happens If Your Chargeback Rate Climbs?
Key takeaway
Winning a chargeback recovers money; it does nothing for your rate. Shopify watches that rate and Visa and Mastercard watch their own dispute ratios; those measures are where repeated chargebacks start to cost more than their fees.
How does Shopify count your chargeback rate?
Key takeaway
The formula is monthly: the number of chargebacks you receive in a month divided by the chargeback-eligible transactions you process in that same month. It is based on all disputes customers open, not only those you lose, so a dispute resolved in your favor still counts. Every chargeback from a card-testing attack counts too, win or lose.
Shopify shows two versions. The standard rate leaves out disputes resolved automatically through a network dispute resolution program such as Visa Rapid Dispute Resolution; the NDRP-inclusive rate includes them, and that displayed rate determines account warning banners, reserve thresholds, account standing and eligibility for features such as the Shop app. You can see your rate in your Shopify Payments settings or in the chargeback rate report.
Which chargeback rate limits apply, and over what window?
Key takeaway
Each limit is measured over its own window, so compare your rate with each one separately rather than with a single number. The two closest to Shopify are the Shop app requirement of a chargeback rate under 1% in the last six months, one of the Shop channel's listing requirements, and the network dispute resolution program line below.
Chargeback rate limits that apply to a Shopify Payments store
| Limit | Value and window | Set by | What it means for you |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shop app listing | A chargeback rate under 1% in the last six months | Shopify | One of the requirements for being listed in the Shop app |
| Network dispute resolution program (entry) | An NDRP-inclusive rate of 1.5% or higher over the last 90 days | Shopify | Automatic enrollment is possible: disputes are settled before they become chargebacks, with no evidence window, a 10% payout reserve and a per-dispute fee that depends on your country |
| Network dispute resolution program (exit) | Below 1.00% over the last 90 days, held for 30 consecutive days | Shopify | You leave the program; its reserve can be lifted early |
| Visa VAMP, Excessive Merchant threshold | Visa's VAMP ratio, not your Shopify rate: 1.5% (150 basis points) with at least 1,500 disputes and fraud reports a month, since April 1, 2026, in Asia-Pacific, Canada, the EU and the US, when your acquirer is not itself Above Standard or Excessive | Visa | A monitoring program can bring monthly fines or additional fees |
| Mastercard Excessive Chargeback Program | Two levels, ECM and HECM; thresholds are listed on Shopify's monitoring-programs page | Mastercard | You are removed once chargebacks stay below the threshold for 3 consecutive months |
Shopify Help Center (Shop eligibility requirements; Network dispute resolution programs; Fraud and dispute monitoring programs) and Visa's VAMP fact sheet, read October 8, 2026.
The program line is the one with teeth. Merchants with an NDRP-inclusive rate of 1.5% or higher over the last 90 days can be enrolled automatically. Once enrolled, disputes are settled before they become chargebacks, with no evidence window and no way to contest, and a 10% reserve applies to your payouts. Leaving takes a rate below 1.00% over the last 90 days, held for 30 consecutive days — what Shopify requires to exit is set out step by step.
Card networks set their own lines. As of October 2026, Visa's Acquirer Monitoring Program sets its Excessive Merchant threshold, measured on Visa's VAMP ratio, not your Shopify rate, at 150 basis points (1.5%), down from 220, since April 1, 2026 in Asia-Pacific, Canada, the EU and the US, with a minimum of 1,500 disputes and fraud reports a month, when the merchant's acquirer is not itself Above Standard or Excessive. Shopify adds that a long VAMP enrollment can restrict your use of Shopify Payments — and that its own bar sits higher than the networks':
Although payment networks such as Visa and Mastercard publish chargeback thresholds, your store is evaluated against a higher standard to maintain merchant and customer trust across the Shopify ecosystem.
Reserves, payout holds and deactivation
Key takeaway
Depending on your account activity, a high rate can bring:
- A reserve on Shopify Payments payouts — a temporary hold on part, sometimes all, of the money from your transactions for a set period. When a reserve lingers past its conditions, why a reserve hasn't been released walks through the cases.
- Enrollment in a network dispute resolution program, with the reserve and settled disputes described above.
- Slower payouts: for stores it considers higher risk, Shopify says payouts might take 5 to 20 business days.
- Suspended payouts or deactivated processing in severe cases; Shopify warns that fulfilling high-risk orders, and the chargebacks that follow, can end in removal from Shopify Payments.
What you won't find is a standalone trigger number. On the Shopify Help Center pages we read on October 8, 2026, the only chargeback-rate figures tied to a reserve sit inside the network dispute resolution program: a 10% reserve when you're enrolled for a high chargeback rate, with automatic enrollment possible at an NDRP-inclusive rate of 1.5% or higher over 90 days, and further reserves or payout holds that can follow if your 90-day rate remains above 1% after the initial reserve expires. None of those pages names a rate for a reserve outside the program or for deactivating processing, so treat the displayed rate and any warning banner as your early signal.
How to Prevent Shopify Chargebacks
Key takeaway
Prevention works on the reason, so pick levers by the reasons that keep appearing in your banners. The table maps each lever Shopify documents on its preventing chargebacks and fraud pages to the chargebacks it targets and where it applies.
Chargeback prevention levers on Shopify
| Lever | Chargebacks it targets | Where it applies |
|---|---|---|
| Review fraud analysis before you fulfill, and cancel high-risk orders | Fraudulent | Fraud recommendations show on the Grow plan or higher, or with Shopify Payments |
| Capture payment manually on orders you want to check | Fraudulent | You see the full fraud analysis before you fulfill and accept the payment |
| Ship only orders that pass an AVS check | Fraudulent | Physical goods shipped to the United States, the United Kingdom or Canada |
| Online tracking and delivery confirmation | Product not received | Every physical shipment; signature confirmation for high-value orders |
| Billing statement text customers recognize | Unrecognized | Set in the Shopify admin when you use Shopify Payments |
| 3D Secure authentication | Fraudulent | Stores in the EEA and the UK; Shopify Payments uses it only when the issuing bank requires it, and liability for fraudulent chargebacks on authenticated payments shifts to the card issuer, although card issuers have policies that remove this protection if too many chargebacks occur (Visa's applies to merchants with more than $7,500 USD in fraudulent chargebacks in one month) |
| Card testing protection | Fraudulent | Built into Shopify Payments checkout; any chargeback that still gets through counts toward your rate |
| No manually keyed cards at the counter | Fraudulent | Shopify POS: a manually entered card is card-not-present even when the customer is in your store |
| Accurate product descriptions and clearly displayed refund and return policies | Product unacceptable, credit not processed | Every store; Shopify lists both among its practices for a low chargeback rate |
Shopify Help Center (Preventing chargebacks; Fraud analysis; Preventing fraud; Responding to chargebacks and inquiries; 3D Secure checkout), read October 8, 2026.
Canceling isn't a shield. Canceling or voiding an order can help reduce the risk of a chargeback, but it doesn't stop the cardholder's bank from filing one. Once a chargeback is open, a refund no longer ends it; at the inquiry stage, a full refund means the cardholder can't start a chargeback, as the chargeback-vs-inquiry table shows.
PayPal, Third-Party Providers and Shopify Balance
Key takeaway
PayPal. In the United States and France, disputes on PayPal Wallet payments made through Shopify Payments are managed in your Shopify admin, although a claim the customer escalates is resolved by PayPal. Disputes on PayPal Express Checkout payments might follow different processes and timelines (Shopify's US PayPal Wallet page says they're managed in the PayPal Business Center), and PayPal Seller Protection isn't managed by Shopify; it does not cover chargebacks for Item Not Received. How the clock and the venue differ from a card dispute is laid out in how a PayPal dispute differs from a card chargeback.
Other third-party providers. Contact the provider to learn how to send evidence to the card company; its disputes follow its own process and don't enter your Shopify Payments chargeback rate. If you're weighing a switch, choosing a payment gateway covers what each route costs.
Shopify Balance. Disputing an ACH debit in a Shopify Balance account is a separate process, not a chargeback, and it is open only for five categories: duplicate charges, incorrect amounts, unauthorized transactions, the wrong receiver name, and the wrong account or routing number. Shopify's ACH dispute steps cover the rest.
The Bottom Line
Key takeaway
A chargeback is two problems on two clocks: the one in the banner, which you meet with evidence, and the rate, which you manage with prevention.
Frequently Asked Questions
Front-end developer specializing in Shopify since 2017. Experienced in building custom Liquid themes, optimizing storefront performance, and integrating third-party apps. Directs the editorial process behind Ecom Store Pro: sets its topics and the rules every AI-written page must pass before publication.
This page was written by AI. Separate AI agents that did not write it check its figures and claims against official sources and test its links and interactive tools. A human editor sets the site's editorial direction, topics and rules and checks that pages are complete and display correctly, but does not check their facts or edit their text. Details may change — always confirm critical data at shopify.com.
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